Combustion chamber



y 1933. M. J. GOLDBERG 1,917,883

COMBUSTION CHAMBER Filed Jan. 25, 1932 Patented July 11, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I MARK J. GOLDBERG, OF BELOIT, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO CAMPBELL, WYANT 8a CANNON FOUNDRY COMPANY, OF MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MIGHIGAN comnus'rron CHAMBER Application filed January 25, 1982. Serial No. 588,681.

This invention is concerned with internal combustion engines and more particularly with those operating on the Dlesel principle. It is a primary object and purpose of the present invention to provide practlcal and operative improvements with respect to the combustion chamber of engines of this character, and the manner in which the products of combustion therefrom may be carried and directed against the upper end of a piston, evenly distribute the same thereover, obtain a more complete combustion of the fuel and eliminate excess heating of the piston, WhlCh comes from direct substantial right angle projection of the very high temperature product-of combustion against a restricted portion of the piston.

The invention is concerned with many novel features of construction of operation all of which will be apparent upon an understanding thereof, had from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary section illustrating the combustion chamber of my invention in association with a piston of an internal combustion engine.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through said combustion chamber, above the lower horizontal lip portion thereof, the plane of the section being continued at a lower plane through the cylinder of the engine.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are enlarged vertical sections through the lower. member of the combustion chamber construction, illustrating three forms in which the invention may be embodied.

Figs. (5, 7 and 8 are horizontal sections through the lower parts of the construction shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, respectively, taken on planes corresponding to the broken plane 6-6 of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section on the plane of line 9-9 of Fig. 3.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the difi'erent figures of the drawing.

The engine, which may be of either sin le or multiple cylindrical type, has a cylin er or cylinders 1 covered by a head 2 in the usual manner and in each cylinder a piston 3 is mounted for reciprocation.

,Integrally formed with the head above and toward one side of each piston is a housing 4, into the lower portion of which a cylindrical body 5 may be inserted and retained in any suitable manner, thereby defining a spherical chamber 6 between the upper part of the housing 4 and the plug 5 into which the fuel is injected through an injecting 00 valve 7 such as are used in internal combustion engines of the Diesel type and with which an initial ignition plug 8 may be associated for firing the mixture on cold engine start, it being understood that with Diesel engines, once the engine is started and warmed sufliciently, spark plugs or other ignition means are not thereafter required, the fuel spontaneously igniting.

The products of combustion of the burning 70 or exploding fuel escape from the chamber 6 through a downwardly extending passage 9 which preferably, as shown in Fig. 9, is are shape in cross section and has its outer sides in tangential relation to the spherical COIH'. bustion chamber 6.

Joined with the lower end of the passage 9 is an outlet chamber 10 formed upwardly in the lower side of the plug 5 and at its inner portion having a boundary wall shaped in the arc of a s here, from which downwardly and outwardly extending tangential lines and planes 11 reach to the lower inner corner of the plug 5.

A lip 12 integral with or otherwise permanently secured to the plug 5 extends horizontally underneath the chamber 10 from the lower end of the outlet passage 9 to a short distance beyond the diameter of the lower end of said plug with which the outer edge of said lip 12 is parallel.

This construction described and which is illustrated specifically in Figs. 3 and 6 is one form in which the invention may be embodied. An improvement thereon and one which aids in the operation of the construction is to form the upper side of the lipv 12 with a transverse rib 13 the shape of which is best illustrated in Figs. 2 and 7. That is, the lip is of rounded curved form at its mo upper side and is of somewhat conical form being widest at its outer end and tapering to a point at its inner end and preferably the upper side of the rib lies substantially in a horizontal plane as distinguished from the upper side of the lip 12 which has a downward inclination with respect to a horizontal plane.

In Figs. 5 and 8 a still further improvement is provided in that the rib 13 is likewise added to the upper side of the lip 12 in the same place, and at the free outer edge of the lip 12 an upwardly extending bar 14 is provided at right angles to rib 13.

With a construction as described the exploded products of combustion within the chamber 6 are forced with considerable pressure through the outlet passage 9 and, by reason of the arc form of the passage and the tangential position thereof with respect to the spherical chamber 6, there is the least possible interference with free passage. These products of combustion striking against the upper side of the lip 12 spread outwardly fanwise and are guided by said lip in a horizontal and downward direction so as to spread completely over the upper side of the piston 3. Also any impingement of the products of combustion against the upper sides of the directing chamber 10 cause the same also to be directed downwardly and outwardly and likewise spread over the upper end of the piston 10. It is also apparent that the progressive enlargement of the passage or chamber from the lower end of passage 9 to the space above the piston 3 permits complete spreading out of the products of combustion and the homogeneous -mixture of the same with any uncon-- sumed fuel and air so as to get a full and complete burning or exploding of the fuel charge used.

The rib 13 in the construction shown in Figs. 4 and 7 has the effect of dividing the gaseous materials tending to spread them apart and 'when the same strike against the walls of the cylinder they swirl together and completely cover the entire upper end of the piston, making an even better and more homogeneous mixture so as to insure that the fuel charge will be, as much as possible, entirely consumed.

In the form shown in Figs. 5 and 8, to which the bar 14 has been added at the upper side of the outer edge portion of lip 12, the products of combustion leading along the upper face of the lip 12 or reaching said bar are directed upwardly (see Fig. 5), mixing with others passing thereover. This carries any heavier products which would naturally tend to drop against the upper side of the lip 12 into the gaseous stream with a further beneficial effect in the matter of complete fuel consumption.

The invention described has proved particula'rly practical and satisfactory in the extensive tests which have been made thereon. Vvith it instead of the flame from the exploded and exploding fuel mixture impinging directly against one small area on the end of the piston, the same spread over substantially the entire area of the piston, with a consequent protection to the piston against overheating and burning at one spot, and with a much better distribution of the fuel over the entire area of the piston and with a better consumption thereof for the production of a greater amount of power.

The invention is defined in the appended claims and is to be considered comprehensive of all forms of structure coming within the scope thereof.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a cylinder head over said cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, said cylinder head enclosing a combustion chamber above and toward a side of the piston, and having a passage leading from said chamber downwardly and then laterally to the cylinder, and a lip carried by said head extending partly under the lateral portion of said passage, said lip having an upwardly extending rib located substantially centrally and at the upper side thereof, and extending from adjacent the lower end of the downwardly extending portion of the passage to the outer edge of the lip, and a bar extending upwardly at the outer edge of the lip transverse to said rib.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a cylinder head over said cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, said cylinder head enclosing a combustion chamber above and toward a side of the piston, and having a passage leading from said chamber downwardly and then laterally to the cylinder, and a lip carried by said head extending lengthwise partly under the lateral portion of said passage, said lip having a bar extending upwardly transverse to the length of the lip and near the outer edge of the lip, for the purpose described.

3. A cylinder head for internal combustion engines having a combustion chamber housed therein, said head below said chamber being recessed, the upper side of said recess being in the arc of a sphere and thence extending downwardly and outwardly in a tangent to said sphere, a substantially horizontal lip extending partly across said recess, said head having a connecting passage between the combustion chamber and said recess leading from one side of the chamber to above and adjacent the lip where connected to the head, and said lip at its upper side and adjacent its free edge having an upwardly extending bar thereon the full width of the lip, and a rib extending from the intermediate portion of said bar above the lip toward the lower end of said passage.

er side and the lip extending lengthwise partly across said recessed portion, the passage and recess having connection to each other, and a raised bar on said lip located transverse to the length of the lip and projecting into the recess, for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

MARK J. GOLDBERG. I 

